Learning Computer

Tips SEO

2009-09-14T12:29:00.000-07:00

Tips SEO (Search Engine Optimization)

If you want your website to be on the order of the highest on Google, Yahoo, or other search engines, then you need to run the technical SEO (Search Engine Optimization). By applying these SEO techniques, your blog or website is not only the highest ranked on search engines, but your blog will also have many visitors.
Try entering the keyword "click here" on google, what sites come up? Download Acrobat Reader? Why? And on that page there is no written "click here". Why is that?
SEO techniques there are two types, namely ON and OFF PAGE PAGE.
ON PAGE SEO techniques, then create pages of our website as good as possible in the eyes of search engines. Ie by selecting the appropriate titles, keywords will be sufficient but not excessive, adding a link on a keyword, bold, italic, and so on. Here are tips techniques ON PAGE:
1. Focus on your keywords, think for a moment about people will enter any keyword in Google or Yahoo is right for your website.
2. Use the title contains the keyword.
3. Use keywords from 5 to 10 times in the content of your writing.
4. Use the ALT (for links and images) contains your keyword.
5. Use BOLD and italic in your keywords.
6. Use the link on your keyword.

OFF PAGE SEO technique, is to build as many links at our blog. You can go exchange links with friends, or put a link on myspace page, comment, guest books and so on. The more links that point to our website, then we will PAGERANK higher. PAGERANK higher the greater the likelihood that our websites are the highest ranked search engine.
You also must consider Anchor Text when creating a link towards your website. Why Adobe's website is at the highest rank in google for the keyword "click here" that, because many websites that have links to the page with the word: Download Adobe Reader, click here. The word "click here" is called the Anchor text for a link. Try the links that lead to your website in accordance with the keywords that your target.
Here are the things that are prohibited in the SEO (blackhat SEO), if you run this restriction, then your website will be blacklisted search engines (not indexed):
1. Creating doorway, which is a special page for search engines that are not useful for your site visitors.
2. Place the links on your website that includes the category "bad neighborhood", ie, there are sites that are blacklisted (including a link farm).
3. Paid links program.
4. Build links in a very large amount in a short time.
5. It contained exactly the same as other websites.
Search engines today are getting smarter, make your website or blog weighty and useful to visitors, then your website will be visited by people from all over the world.
Good luck.

SEO Tips for Beginners
December 10, 2008 • Posted by Bayu Mukti Posted in Seo, Tips and Tricks
The rise of the shots keyword about seo training for beginners in google, gives an inspiring me to just share SEO Tips for beginners. Sharing of tips ranging from learning seo seo unity series to learn the easy seo second series I've ever written. And core 2 seo of these postings I have also been described. But when I look around again, it "seo tips" was not for "beginners". Before you read more about my posting "seo tips for beginners" is a good idea once you know what SEO in wikipedia. Because it's useless to read my writing seabrek gini, kalo aja SEO meaning belom know. Okay father ... mother ... ya ... mas .... And all the viewers who are reading this blog. After understanding about SEO be continued please read this posting.
Well tips best seo for bloggers who are just starting in the world of blogging is as follows:
1. Give your article title within their keywords you want to optimize or timbak. For example I just want to be No. 1 in the seminar blog on new york city. Well given the title of the article just like that.
2. Make the content or the content of the article according to your abilities. Do not plow, do not copy and paste. Original must be based on your own thoughts.
3. Update or update your articles regularly and routinely. For instance, usually cuman 1 week 1 time update it to 1-week routine update the article. But the best are updated every day your article 1 articles.
4. Give the difference in each of the keyword or keywords in your articles. Whether it's a way to bold, colorful gave in each of the keywords that will in optimizing the search engines.
5. Look for Backlink whether it's through free classifieds, social media, up to search for blogs and then fitted to the blogroll. It's up to you just reply to this one.
Sebagai salah satu Blogger tukang timbak kiwod di Indonesia , sepertinya tahun 2008 ini memang pantas sekali kalau disebut sebagai tahunnya tukang timbak-menimbak. The number of Blogger who specializes in SEO in 2007 kalo era can still be counted pake fingers + toes in the year 2008, I borrowed her fingers + toes mas iwan ga alone can create a count of seo experts. Maybe because the team victory in the race IMFreakz "Busby SEO Challenge" is the first milestone that timbak artisans in Indonesia can not be underestimated. As well as evidence that the builders could timbak "The Indonesian people it the name". We pray it in the contest Busby SEO Test, the team can win timbak Indonesia.
Okay ga not much talking and a lot more words. Good luck with seo tips for beginners from me. Seo tips over a lot easier (reply to me) than to love meta tags, or other means. Welcome tried and successful.

Tips SEO (Search Engine Optimization)

2009-09-14T12:26:00.000-07:00

Tips SEO (Search Engine Optimization)
What is SEO (Search Engine Optimization)? SEO by kang rohman is a way that is done by the Web master or the blog master to optimize their sites or blogs to get a good ranking on search engines or search engine. And what I want to talk about is the optimization tips in the Google search engine, because for now Google is the most popular search engine in the world.

and probably a lot of mistakes, but so-so for beginners to read and try, because what I write is the things that kang rohman do and still feel the benefits, is evident from reports from the tracker that I use either of the site meters or google analytics that visitors of this blog kang rohman nearly 50 percent come from search engines.

In order not too long to read intermezo, here are some tips for our blog to get a good ranking on search engines:

• Original Content / content orsinil.

The first thing to remember that in your blog to get a good ranking on search engines is the content of your blog is the fruit orsinil your own writings or in other words not copy and paste the results from the work of others. Besides the optimization of search engines, copy and paste actions often invite problems from the original owner of the work, let alone that you copy and paste it protected by law or in other words copyright, you can really get serious problems.

• Install the Meta tag in the header template code.

The second thing that must not forget is the need to put a meta tag in the header code of your template. For this one I ever saw in this post, but frankly kang rohman in installing a meta tag is a bit different from what I explained at the post, if you wish to insert a meta tag like kang rohman used, its code is like this:

For author and keywords meta course to be adjusted with your own property. Especially for the master, when asked in an error correction code installation (beginners understand, post code or do not know bener nggaknya).

After you install the meta tags, you should analyze your meta tags with a pairs of meta tags Analizer. For the meta tag analyzer, you can use various free tools on the internet, very easy way you live type of meta tag keywords on search engine analyzer below but select that for the column web tutorials do it, just in trying if you want.

• Install the appropriate keywords to the content of your blog.

In a meta keyword set, we recommend you use keywords that are related to the content of your blog. Suppose you have a blog about health topics, the keywords you have keyword gunakanpun about health.

In addition should relate to the content of your blog, pasangpun keywords in the keyword should be in the search by many people (internet users), it's useless to get your blog ranked first position in search engines with specific keywords, but keywords are rarely sought or even never at search by many people. For example you put keywords in meta keyword borokokok you, and when you type in a search engine borokokok on your blog position in the top position, aka number one, but needs to remember that whether it be borokokok keywords in search by the crowd or not? If some keywords are not going in search of people, then you should not put those keywords and please look for other keywords in the search if a lot of people a lot.

To issue this keyword, you are able to find free tools that can give you suggestions what keywords are a lot of search by the crowd. Please find themselves in the search engine above.

• Selection of a good blog template.

That the purpose of selecting a good template here include a template that we use the first time in loading is not part of the post let alone the sidebar footer. If you are observant, when you open this blog belong to me that opens the first time is the header then the post, and the last is the sidebar and footer sections. If you are experiencing the same thing I wrote earlier, then it occurs also on the search engine spiders, while search engine crawler visited your blog, part of the crawler plot as I write this. Well if your blog is accessed first part of the sidebar can be sure your blog will lose positions with access to blogs on the first part of his post.

For this of course depends on the designer template in terms of putting in place the post code in the position of the sidebar or below the sidebar.

• You should not choose sidebarnya template on the left and right.

Kang rohman as written above that we recommend that the loading is the first post was not part of the sidebar. If you use a 3 column template that his sidebar on the left and right, it can at first make sure that the loading is a sidebar to the left first and then the post. Unlike the case with 3 column template sidebarnya second on the left side or both on the right, because although the sidebar on the left, can still be posting the code in place on the sidebar code to set the float at the template code. Still confused? Maybe next time will be discussed in detail.

• Do not be too often change the template.

For those of you who like to mutually face with a new blog, I suggest to stop the habit (smoking habit just rich must stop)

• Do not fill the left sidebar with heavy data.

If you're too in love with the 3 column template that his sidebar on the left and right, then should not the left sidebar too stuffed with hard data. Data are categorized as heavy banners or images, animation, javascript, and others. If you store data that is too heavy on the left sidebar, then when crawling by the search engine will be very difficult to reach the contents of your post, so that your position will be defeated by the blog that first postingannya in crawling. So we recommend that the store on the left is only the ordinary writings of light to the access / loading.

• Do not remove the code in the template heading.

For those of you who like tinkering with the template code, you should not remove the code in your template heading. Headings in the code mean you may often see code h1, h2, h3, h4 in your template code, now the code is not got rid of it or not created because the first time viewed by the search engine is the data available on the h1 code h2, h3, and the next. h1 in general is for the title of the blog, then it makes the title of the blog not to long-ROBLEM for the blog title is the front face of the first viewed by search engines. For example, the title of my blog will be more weight put on the blog title if the tutorial, or blogspot tutorial, tutorials or column in the appeal with the blog title kang rohman because keyword (keywords) that my drill on a blog search engine tutorial. But for this case I am more concerned people get to know me as kang rohman on appeal by the name kang blog tutorial.

• Use bold letters, italics, or underlined.

Use letters bold, italic, or underline the keywords are important in the sense of posting is good for search engine optimization. Let us discuss the posting of free template, then the writings of our free templates are printed in bold, italic, or underlined. But even so let thicken a similar writing too much in one post because it is considered spam by the search engine in this case is google, so it is only natural.

• Always use the tag "alt" in the picture.

Search engines generally do not quite understand the meaning of an image, therefore need to add the code "alt" on your image code. Tag "alt" is an abbreviation of "alternative", so the engine will be more recognized pencarie mean your image tag when using "alt". For installation tag "alt" in a picture I've discussed in this posting.

• Do not create hidden text or hidden links.

What is meant by hidden text or hidden links is to make s ebuah text or links backgroundnya same color so as not to be seen by visitors blog. So for this one is not in doing, because it will make google's wrath for your blog because it is considered cheating the eyes of visitors.

• Try to make your blog linked to by many blogs or websites.

The more your blog or site link to your blog, the better the search engine rating to your blog, and even better if your blog in the link by which a high page rank.

• Make between a posting linked (linking) with the other postings.

One business that can be done by yourself is of a posting that one associated with the other postings, say I often write words that contain such links, please read here, please read this post, and others that the posting of each other so nge each link.

• Try not to have a broken link (broken link).

That the intention with the broken links is that you create a link, but when the click on the link page does not exist or is not found. If you have a link like this, then this link should be fixed or change it in just a plain text not a link.

• Always update (update) your blog with new postings.

Search engines love to your blog or website whose content is always fresh, or fresh, so if you are diligent in posting an article and then your blog will be more frequent in the visit by the search engines. And keep in mind also that the more writing on your blog of course the more the keyword or keywords that represent your blog. So, let's race to fill our blog with new postings.

Or maybe the question arises, why are many websites that do not have the updated content such as this website or this website but they still have a good ranking in search engines. To this one of course another story, because these websites use many tools or expensive software that makes their site will look always fresh or fresh in the eyes of search engines. So, the choice is in your hands, want to update your blog with new content, or purchase expensive tools (blogs aja hehe ... still free ... SEO is the time to buy reply expensive tool).

• For users blog bloggers, use the comments box of the original bloggers.

Many users blog from blogger to feel disappointed with the comments box created by the bloggers themselves with ribet reasons and on pop-ups, so use the comments box such as 3rd-party haloscan and others. Maybe if the see d ari form of comments in the box created by the blogger was a bit disappointing, but for SEO issues do not take lightly, why not? Because if there are visitors who comment on your post, then consider the comments on the search engine as part of your post. So in essence, the more you say the more the savings that we have keywords in the post, hence the comments soklah on this post .. heuheuheu. and one other advantage that there is any comments received, these comments can be directly driven to our email address, so that we can see the development of incoming comments on a post.

What about taking another comment box such haloscan. If you use the comments box of haloscan, for the problem in saying so-so display superior but viewed in terms of SEO in bad taste because each incoming comments will not be indexed by search engines as part of your post, so too bad if the thousands keyword donations from visitors can not belong to you. In addition, if there is a comment, haloscan party would not take these comments to our email address, so .. certainly we will not know the latest developments of the incoming kimentar.

• The title should represent the entire post content posts

This one is sometimes forgotten by many bloggers, making the post title is a little sloppy, but the post title is the representative of the postings. Why is that, because the general title of the post is set in the template code as heading 2 (h2) or 3 headings (h3), and therefore before we see the contents of posts, the search engine will first see the post title. So, make the post title should be with the words as attractive as possible and can represent the contents of the post.

That was some old-style SEO Tips kang rohman, is still much to do in improving our ranking in search engines, but because the finger had kang rohman pegel as typing continues, I think at first ends meet so many, maybe next time will be continued again.

Learning steps Thematic

2009-09-14T12:17:00.000-07:00

Learning steps Thematic
Basically, the steps (syntax) following thematic learning stages are passed in each learning model that includes three phases:

Stage One: Planning Phase

a. Determining the range of subjects and types of skills combined.
Characteristics of the subjects became the basis for this initial activity. To study the social and language skills can be integrated thinking (thinking skills) with social skills (social skills). As for science subjects and mathematics can be integrated thinking skills (thinking skills) and organizing skills (organizing skills).

b. Choosing the study materials, standards of competence, basic competencies and indicators.
This step will lead teachers to determine sub-skills of each skill that can be integrated in a learning unit.

c. Determining the combined sub-skills.
In general, skills that must be mastered include thinking skills, social skills, and organizing skills, each consisting of sub-skills.

d. Determining indicators of learning outcomes
Based on the basic competencies and skills that have been sub-formulated indicators selected.

e. Determining the learning steps
This step is necessary as a strategy to integrate teachers each sub-skill that has been selected at each step of learning.
Stage Two: Implementation Stage

a. Teachers should not be a single dominating actor in the learning activities. The teacher's role as facilitator of learning enables students become independent learners.

b. Giving the responsibility of individuals and groups must be clear and any task that requires teamwork.

c. Teachers need to accommodate the ideas that are entirely terfikirkan in the planning process.
Third Phase: Evaluation Phase
Evaluation phase can be a learning process and evaluation of learning outcomes evaluation. Noteworthy is:
a. Giving students the chance to perform self-evaluation in addition to other forms of evaluation.
b. Teachers need to encourage the students to evaluate learning gains that have been achieved on the basis of objective criteria for achieving success to be achieved.
Learning model in this case is the syllabus outlines a plan of implementation Thematic learning is packed in preliminary activities, core activities and closing activities.
a. Initial activity / Introduction
Preliminary activities are activities that must be taken early teachers and students at each time execution Thematic learning. Its main function to create an atmosphere of effective early learning, which allows students to follow the learning process well. Efficiency of the available time is relatively short time between 5-10 minutes. With a relatively short time, the teacher can create the initial conditions of learning so well that students are ready to follow the lesson carefully.

The main activities carried out in this introduction include:
• Checking or checking attendance.
• Foster students' learning readiness
• Creating a democratic learning atmosphere
• Generating motivation to study
• Raise students' attention

Thematic learning

2009-09-14T12:13:00.000-07:00

Thematic learning
According to Poerwadarminta (in Refandi, 2006:97), "Thematic Learning is an integrated learning that uses a theme to tie in some subjects so as to provide meaningful experiences to students. The theme is the main idea or main idea of the subject ".
In other words, Thematic Learning is a learning model which emphasizes the involvement of students in the learning process actively in the learning process, so that students can gain direct experience and are trained to be able to find their own range of knowledge he had learned. Through direct experience of the students will understand the concepts they learn and relate them to other concepts have been understood. This learning theory-driven leaders Gestalt psychology, including Piaget which emphasizes that learning should be meaningful, and oriented to the needs and perkebangan children.
Meanwhile, the Indonesian Teachers Association, "Thematic Learning is a learning strategy that involves several subjects to provide meaningful experiences to students". Integration in learning can be seen from the aspect of the process and time, aspects of the curriculum, and teaching and learning aspects. Thematic lessons are taught only in elementary school students a low grade (grade I, II and III), because in general they still see everything as a whole (holistic), physical development can never be separated from the development of mental, social, and emotional.

Thematic learning more emphasis on applying the concept of learning by doing something (learning by doing). Therefore, teachers need to package or to design learning experiences that will affect students' learning meaningful. Learning experiences that demonstrate the link of conceptual elements to make the learning process more effective. Conceptual link between the study subjects will form the scheme, so that students will gain knowledge of the integrity and determination. In addition, the application of Thematic Learning in primary schools will help students, because according to the stage of development of students who still sees everything as a whole.
a. Learning characteristics Thematic
In accordance with the physical and mental development of students' grade I and II, learning at this stage must have the characteristics as follows:

1st. Centered on students.
2. Giving students direct experience.
3. The separation of subjects is not so clear.
4. Presents the concept of the various subjects in a learning process.
5. Flexible.
6. Learning outcomes can be developed in accordance with the interests and needs of students.

b. Thematic learning Pros
The strengths or advantages of this Thematic learning is:
1st. Experiences and learning activities relevant to the level of development and needs of students.
2. Exciting because the opposite of the interests and needs of students.
3. Study results will last longer because it is more memorable and meaningful.
4. Developing thinking skills of students with problems encountered.
5. Foster social skills in working together, tolerance, communication, and responsive to the ideas of others.

c. Thematic learning weaknesses
Thematic learning weaknesses are:

1st. Aspects of Teachers: teachers must be knowledgeable, have high creativity, a powerful methodological skills, confidence high and bold package and develop materials.

2. Educate Participants aspect: the ability of learners requires that students learn relatively "good", both in academic ability and creativity.

3. Aspects of Learning Facilities and Resources: thematic learning requires reading materials / resource information and varied enough, also mungkun internet.

4. Aspects of Curriculum: the curriculum must be flexible, achievement-oriented learners coaching exhaustiveness.

5. Aspect Assessment: thematic learning requires a thorough assessment, which is set to learn the success of students from various fields related to the combined studies.

Understanding Learning

2009-09-14T12:10:00.000-07:00

Understanding Learning
Learning can be interpreted as efforts of other parties can turn, stimulate, stimulate and accelerate the process of learning behavior change. According Roestiyah (in Rosdiana, 2003:23) defined learning as a guidance to children in the learning process. Definition shows that the active is a child with a learning process, while teachers guide only, pointing to the child's personality into account.
The learning characteristics of the effort that can arouse the attention of children to learning provided. These efforts may result in children can compare, distinguish and concluded that the knowledge received. Or also can be said that the characteristics of learning is the main activity in learning, students can learn without the presence of teachers through a variety of other learning resources.
While learning objectives according to John R. Pacella (in Rosdiana, 2003:25) is (1) Provide assistance to their students; (2) Providing opportunities to connect with his own experience. When linked with learning objectives, then no other learning aims to change the behavior of those who learn. They include aspects of behavioral cognitive, affective and psychomotor the positive direction as or better than before

Understanding Learning Results

2009-09-14T12:07:00.000-07:00

Understanding Learning Results
Learning outcomes is an indicator to measure the success of students in the learning process. As for learning itself is a process of someone trying to get the point that behavior is relatively settled as a result of learning. Keller (in Abdurahman, 1999:1) suggests that "learning is the result of actual achievements are shown by the children, while learning outcomes are influenced by the amount of work done by the intelligence and early mastery of the material that children will learn. This means that teachers need to learn to set goals in accordance with the child's intelligence capacity and achievement of learning objectives using apersepsi material a material that has dominated the child as a springboard for mastering new learning materials.
The process of learning and learning outcomes are two things that can not be separated. For that, all factors that mempengeruhinya be optimized to achieve good learning results mainly teaching-learning process is crucial to understanding students' learning materials provided by teachers.
For teachers, student learning outcomes into consideration to find out how to use learning models that have been given. Teachers must be able to identify strengths and weaknesses of models appropriate learning, capable of selecting and accurately and be able to develop and apply the learning process. Thus the effectiveness of learning that we hold will be increased.

Understanding Learning

2009-09-14T12:03:00.000-07:00

Understanding Learning
Learning is the most vital component in every business organization type and level of education, so that no real learning process of education did not exist.

Slameto (1995:2) says that "Learning is a process that made one attempt to obtain a change in the new behavior as a result of his own experience of interaction with the environment". Learning is a process of development of human life. By learning, humans make qualitative changes in the behavior of individuals that develops, all the activities and achievements of life is nothing but the result of learning. Behavioral changes that occur can be either good behavior or bad behavior. However, changes in behavior that are relatively permanent (consistent) and a trace. Learning is not just experience. Learning is a process, and not an outcome. Therefore actively learning progress and integrated by using various forms of action to achieve a goal. Winkel further (in Rosdiana, 2003:2) argues that "Learning is a mental activity / psychic who lasted in active interaction with the environment, which produce changes in knowledge, experience, understanding, skills and attitude values. Thus, the environment is a tool for learning ". So does the learning of mathematics.

Understanding Mathematics
Hudojo (1988:3) describes that "Math related ideas or abstract concepts are arranged in a hierarchical and deductive reasoning". Hudojo firmer again (1988:4) states that "In the learning process occurs too mathematical thinking processes, because a person thinks when people say that doing mental activity and people should learn mathematics mental activity". Thus, learning mathematics is structured and hierarchical deductive reasoning is a high mental activity.
In fact mathematics is a science that way berfikirnya abstract and deductive. Deductive reasoning is that the truth of a concept or a statement obtained as a logical result of the previous statement that the truth of relation between the concept or statement in mathematics is consistent.

Sihombing (2006:16) argues that mathematics learning objectives are as follows:

(1) Training in rational ways of thinking in drawing conclusions, for example through the activities of investigation, exploration, experimentation, shows the similarities, differences, consistent and inconsistent. (2) Develop a creative activity that causes imagination, intuition, and discovery to develop divergent thinking, originality, curiosity, make predictions and expectations, and to experiment. (3) To develop problem-solving skills. (4) Develop the ability to inform or communicate ideas among others through verbal conversations, notes, graphs, maps, diagrams, in explaining the idea.

Based on the above quotation can be concluded that the learning of mathematics are expected to develop the ability to think, reason and communicate ideas and can develop creative activities and troubleshooting. This shows that mathematics has utility in developing skills that students need to learn.
Until now there has been no single definition of mathematics. If there are questions that ask "what is mathematics?" Can be answered differently depending on when the question was answered, in which he answered, who answered, and what are deemed included in the math. Thus, to answer "What is mathematics?" Can not be answered with a sentence or two away. Hudojo (1988:3) argued that "Mathematics as a science about the structures and relationships, a symbol-symbol is required, to assist manipulation of the rules set by the operating simbulisasi ensure communication and provide the information to form a new concept.

The above emphasizes that the concepts in mathematics are related to each other forming a structure that is hierarchically structured, if a student had difficulty in understanding a concept and the concept underlying the new concept, each student will have ideas or ideas that differ in understanding the new concepts. Because kehirarkisan mathematics, then studied mathematics discontinuous will disrupt the learning process. This means that math learning will occur smoothly when learning that a continuous yourself to do.

Design Basis Data

2009-09-14T11:59:00.000-07:00

Design Basis Data

1. Designing logical
Is a technique to properly explain the structure of the database information and rules as the input to the process of database design.
The requirements in the logical model in a set of criteria to obtain the logical data model is most optimal:

a. Truth on the structure
b. Ease
c. No redundancies
d. Does not contain information overload
e. Shared data

2. Conceptual Designing
Designing a conceptual model is the task of database administrators who have the power as the central controller of the entire system. There are two techniques for doing conceptual design of the model are:
a. Normalization Techniques
Is the process of grouping data elements into tables showing the entities and relations. In the normalization process always tested several conditions. And if there are errors during the test then the relations have not solved the optimal data base.
b. Engineering Entity Relatonship
Is a process of relationship data model / relationships between direlasikan file with the relationship between the key relationships that are key to each file.

3. Designing Physical
Final step in database design is the physical design. In this design determined the internal storage structure and organization of the database files.

Algorithma

2009-09-14T11:55:00.000-07:00

Algorithma
The algorithm is a procedure or solving a problem that consists of persolan steps solving interrelated problems.
There are several common ways of making the algorithm of a problem include:

1. Algorithm in terms of problem-solving algorithm is solving steps of a problem. The most important thing is the preparation steps and methods of problem solving and discipline reliable truth.

2. Algorithm solving the problem of language according to the algorithm is input / output, and the process of completing the work computer.

Database
Database definition
The database is the highest level of information systems. The database is derived from data and database, meaning the data is a representation of real world facts that have an object like a human, goods and others who direkan in the form of letters, numbers, symbols, images, sound or combination of both.
The components of the database are:

1. Data files
A collection of some records that form a collection.

2. Data record
A set of related data values, in other words the record is a composite of several fields for all the specific entities

3. Data value
The value of the inserted article on a data element or set of characters that form a data value

4. Key and Fielf
The key of the fields the other with a record

5. Entity
Everything that form enterpise or elements that make up the enterpise

6. Enterprise
An organization's database which already exists

7. Attribute
Data field. Data items, data elements existing in the database.

Data Flow Diagram (DFD)

2009-09-14T11:52:00.000-07:00

Data Flow Diagram (DFD)
Data flow diagram or flow chart is a part of the order of the workings of a system or process in general. With the flow diagram can understand the system worked.

There are 4 components of DFD symbol as shown in the following table:
Table 2.1 DFD Symbols
NO Symbol Description
1 Process

Is a component to transform input data into input data.

2 Entity (Terminator)
Entity systems that provide input data to the system and receive output from the system

3 Flow Data
The movement of data from one section to another section
4 Data Store

It is a place of storage or data providers in the system

In a data flow diagram is known as 3 levels:

1. Context diagram (Diagram Relations Level 0)
Is a model that describes the outline of the system, including the scope of the system will be built
2. Diagram Zero (Level)
Data store is used for processes that are not broken down again on the next level. At the end of this process the number added a * (Asteris Star)

3. Detailed diagram (level 2, level 3) This is a detailed diagram of the diagram zero
or above level diagrams.

Software

2009-09-14T11:49:00.000-07:00

Software
Definition Software
Software (software / software) is a program that contains commands to perform data processing.
Software is divided into 3 main sections include:

1. Application Software (Software Applications)
Program written and translated by language software to complete the job.

2. Operating System (OS)
The program is translated to control and coordinate all activities of computer systems.

3. Language Software (Programming Language)
Program designed to translate the instructions, written instructions in a programming language into machine language that can be understood by computers.

Design Software Information System
Design is the stages or steps taken to achieve something in accordance with the defined objectives. The design of information systems are the stages that must be done or prepared before starting to make an information system.
In designing the new system has several phases, namely:

1. Defines the problem determines what needs to be modified by comparing with the old system.

2. Understanding the system and make defenisinya

3. Finding alternatives available to achieve objectives with respect to modofikasi system, what options are available to improve the system, some costs and whether the system is applied

4. Choose one of the alternatives that have been formulated earlier.

5. Apply alternative

6. Evaluating the impact of the changes made to the system.

There are several requirements of good information is as follows:

1. Availability
Information must be obtained for those who need it.

2. Easily understandable
Information should be easily understood because of complicated information will only make a decision kekurangefektifan.

3. Relevant
The information presented should really relevant to the issues and goals of the organization.

4. Helpful
Information can be useful for people who mengunakannya

5. On Time
Information must have a high confidence level of inforamasi filed and must be up to date

6. Reliability
Information must be obtained from a reliable source of truth

7. Accurate
Information must be protected from mistakes and errors

8. Consistent
Information can not be a contradiction in the presentation.

Cycle In Accounting Information System

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Cycle In Accounting Information System

According to (Romney & Steinbart, 2003), there are 5 cycles of accounting information systems, namely:
a. Cycle income (Revenue)
This cycle includes the activities of sales and revenues in the form of fungi.

b. Expenditure cycle (Expediture)
This cycle includes the activities of purchase and payment in cash.

c. Cycle payroll human resources (payroll)
This cycle includes the activities of contract and hire employees. This cycle was not discussed at the end of the task.

d. Production cycle
This cycle includes the activities of changing raw materials and labor into finished products. This production cycle does not include cost of goods sold.

e. Financial Cycle
This cycle includes activities to get DaBa from investors and creditors and pay them back.
The fifth cycle of the above provide transaction data to the General Ledger & Reporting Systems (SMUS Recording) for recording and communication of information. General Ledger & Reporting Systems Systems include all activities associated with the preparation of financial statements and other managerial reports, including non-routine transactions and adjustments to various journals.

Accounting Cycle
According to (Romney & Steinbart, 2003), Accounting is the process of the 3 activities: mengidenfikasi, record, and communicate the economic events of an organization.
Accounting information system can not be separated from the accounting cycle that includes the following cycle sequence:

a. Transaction Evidence
b. Journal Transactions
c. Ledger or ledger
d. Trial Balance
e. Journal Adjustment
f. the Posting to general ledger or ledger
g. Adjusted Trial Balance
h. Financial reports
i. Journal Cover
j. Post closing trial balance

Chart Of Accounts

Chart of Accounts is an account number that shows the location of these accounts in the ledger. The number and types of different accounts for each company, the large tergantuna, complexity and type of business conducted.
Accounting accounts generally be divided into five major groups of assets, debt, capital, income, and cost.

Journal

According to (Weygand, Kieso & Kimmel, 1998), a journal created for each transaction showing debit and credit balances that affect a particular account. Based on the frequency of the journal is classified into 2

I. Public Journal

Noting that non-routine transactions such as paying the loan, the adjustment at the end of the period, and the journal cover. This includes general ledger

1. Journal Adjustment
Journal adjustments are used to make adjustments to income and expenses should pads period in which earned income and cost ditanggungkan.

2. Journal Correction
Journal correction used to correct errors in the event of penjurnalan

3. Journal Cover
Journal cover used to close the temporary accounts are obtained in an accounting period, as all accounts of income, expenses and personal decision by the owner.

II. Special Journal

Noting the frequent transactions, special journals simplify the process of recording transactions that occur repeatedly in the number hesar. Special journal cover

1. Sales Journal
Sales journal used to record sales transactions that occurred.

2. Purchases Journal
Journal used to record the purchase of purchase transactions that occurred.

3. Cash receipts journal
Cash receipts journal is used to record the incoming cash

4. Accounts Payable Journal
Disbursements journals only be used only for cash out.

System Development Life Cycle (SDLC)
According to (Romney & Steinbart, 2003), SDLC build a pang of accounting information systems requires several stages in a cycle process. There are 5 stages in the SDLC, which

1. System Analysis
At this stage carried out a survey of existing systems, discover the problem, determine the required information and sign up all the needs or requests of the system.

2. Conceptual design
Nutmeg this stage to identify and evaluate alternative designs, and choose designs that suit the needs of the enterprise and develop design specifications and communicate designs with company management including pendesaianan data flow diagram and entity relationship diagrams.

3. Physical design
At this stage of designing to do input-output document, start coding the design into the program. formed the files needed, procedures and controls to build a new system.

4. Implementation and conversion
At this stage of the development plan irnplementasi done, install and to evaluate hardware and software needed, the user trains the system, to evaluate the system, rnelengkapi documentation, rnengubah from the old system to new system, making adjustments necessary for a new system implemetansikan it.

5. the Operation and maintenance

Accounting Information System

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Theory Framework
Accounting Information System
Definition Accounting Information System
According to (Romney & Steinbart, 2003), accounting information systems are formal information systems in the most common sense, includes all components of the people, procedures, data, software and information technology infrastructure to process the identification, recording, communication can generate reports on the financial the kernudian become information for use in running the company.

Model Accounting Information System

There are 2 models that are used in accounting information systems, namely:

a. Financial Accounting Model
All financial statement (financial statements) as the income statement, report changes in capital, balance sheet, cash flow statements.

b. Managerial Accounting Model

Is part of the accounting related to the provision of financial information for internal users such as sales reports. pernbelian report

Program Structure 3.7.4 Visual Basic 6.0

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Program Structure Visual Basic 6.0
In order to design a program with a focus, we must first know the structure of programming in Visual Basic. In general, visual basic structure consists of two parts, namely:

a. Program Declaration Section
This section is part of the laying of all the declarations of data to be used. In general, the reserves that are part of the declaration is: Dim, Public, Private, Static, Const and Type.

b. Declaration Dim or Dimension
Dim or Dimension is a reserve word often used to declare variables that will be used in Visual Basic. Dim statement declaring a force on the programming module, program and sub_program. Form of writing with Dim declaration is:
Nama_variabel Dim As tipe_data
Where:
Nama_variabel is the name for a variable represented and tipe_data is the type of data used for the variables. Type of data can form a single or multiple types (arrays).

c. Public Declaration
Public is a module-level statement, meaning this statement essentially declared in a module. The form of writing with a public declaration is:
Public nama_variabel As tipe_data
Where:
Nama_variabel is the type of data used by the variables. Where is the data type can be in the singular or mejemuk (Array).

d. Private declarations
Private states that all variables are declared by this statement applies in particular (Private). Private Statement is a statement sub_program level. The declaration form of writing with nama_variabel Private is Private nama_variabel As tipe_data which is the name of the proxy for all the variables and data types tipe_data is used by the variables. Where is the data type can be in the singular or plural (Array).

e. Static Declaration
Static is often used to maintain a variable or value so fixed or not changed during the program starts. The statement is a statement static sub_program level, this statement means basically declared in the sub_program. The form of writing with Static declaration is:
Static nama_variabel As tipe_data
Where:
Nama_variabel is the name of the proxy for a variable and data type tipe_data is used by the variables. Where is the data type can be in the singular or mejemuk (Array).

f. the Const declarations or Constanta
Const or Constanta is often used in the declaration to provide a constant price variables. Const is a declaration of the module level, this statement means basically declared in the module. Const statement in practice is often guided by public or private statements. The declaration form of writing with Const statement is:
Public / Private Const tipe_data = nama_variabel As ekspresi_varibel.

g. Type Declaration
Type used in the declaration To define the data type defined in which this data type can contain one or more than one type of data. Type a module-level statement, meaning this statement essentially declared in the module. Type the statement in practice often used by Public or Private. The form of writing with a type declaration is:
Private / Public Type nama_variabel
Nama_elemen (Var_subscript) as tipe_data
Nama_elemen (Var_subscript) as tipe_data
End Type
Where:
Nama_variabel is the name that represents the variables defined data types, data types tipe_data is representing nama_elemennya.

h. Program Statement Section
In part this statement, details of the program was written. Programs written in the code window, window module, sub_rogram window. Where in this statement of the program structure should really be about all the explanation, the explanation of the components of the program, explanation of the types of data to be used in Visual Basic, the explanation of the control structure that includes about branching and iteration. All of these explanations must be complete, because if the statement was not made as complete as possible will lead to:

1. The program can not be in Compile.

2. The program can not be in Running.

Advantages Visual Basic Programming Language
The advantages of visual basic programming language is as follows:

a. Allows the creation of applications Grafical User Interphase (GUI) or programming using a graphical display as a tool with a user komukasi.

b. Has a very good flexibility to connect with other applications. This capability in a previous version using the system Dynamic Data Exchange. Currently replaced by Object Linking & Embedding which allows the creation of the relationship between the functions or all other applications.

c. Highly compatible with previous visual basic.

d. And also supports the use of log files or the name of the variable to 255 characters long, whereas for the names of form controls, modules and classes no more than 40 characters.

New Facilities In Visual Basic 6.0

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New Facilities In Visual Basic 6.0
Many new facilities or improvements made in this version 6. In general, divided into six major groups, namely Data Access, Internet, Collection Control, making components, Programming Languages and Collection Wizard.

a. Data Access
Besides ease of programming, other forces VB6 is a sophisticated ability in the field of the database. VB6 presents many new features that enhance database applications.

b. Internet
In VB6 internet facilities provided include application IIS, DHTML applications, Web Publishing Wizard, AsyncRead development, and support activeX document on the Internet Explorer in terms of downloading an ActiveX document.

c. Collection Control
There are ten new controls, the ADO Data, Coolbar, datagrid, DataList, DataCombo, DataRepeater, DateTimePicker, Flat Scrollbar, Hierarchical FlexGrid and ImageCombo. In addition to new controls, VB6 also improve the performance of the existing controls, such as adding new facilities, adding a new property or enhance its value.

d. Making Components
In VB6 we can produce a well-known ActiveX control that. We can modify an existing control or create your own from scratch. ActiveX controls are generated, has its own event, data binding, licensing, property page, complete control of the Internet and others.

e. Programming Language and IDE
VB6 add a large collection of functions, such as filters, FormatCurrancy, FormatDateTime, FormatNumber, FormatPercent, InstrRev, Join, MonthName, Replace, Round, Split, StrReverse, and WeekDayName.

f. the Collection Wizard
VB6 to develop the existing seven-wizard, ie Setup Wizard, Data Form Wizard, Application Wizard, Toolbar Wizard and Class Builder Utility, and two new facilities are added, the object Data Wizard and Add-In Designer

Working environment Visual Basic 6.0

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Working environment Visual Basic 6.0

IDE (Integrated Development Environment) Visual Basic is an integrated development environment for programmers to develop applications. By using the IDE programmer can create user interfaces, perform coding, testing and debuging and menkompilasi be executable programs. We first run Visual Basic will display a splash screen that displays the logo of Visual Basic, then display the IDE (Integrated Development Environment) which is the place to produce application programs.

Some components of Visual Basic is very supportive in designing a program. The Visual Basic components are:

a. Classified Menu

Line is at the top menu in the IDE. Menu is a collection of commands that are grouped in the resulting operating criteria.

Speed buttons on the toolbar would be very helpful in accelerating access to commands. For the same speed with the command function is available on the menu.

c. Toolbox

Toolbox is a storage control that we will use the programs to be attached to the form to form a user interface.

d. Project Explorer
Project Explorer The access serves as a means of forming parts of the project. Project Explorer is a list of Forms, Module, Class Module, Resource files in one program.

e. Form

Form is user interface design of applications made or placed where the program object.

f. the Window Properties
This window served to prepare all the properties of objects needed in user interface design and programming.

Visual Basic Concepts

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Visual Basic Concepts
The development of computer technology (hardware and software) is so fast, today is very helpful in reducing the burden of work on each data management. More expected benefits of information technology in a system is the ease and speed of operation of the system.

History of Visual Basic

Visual Basic History of the development of language begins BASIC (Beginners Allpsurpose Symbolic Intruction Code) at Dartmount College, the United States in early 1960. Since the beginning Basic is designed for easy to learn. In early 1975 came the personal computer (Personal computer / PC) first, branded MITS Altair. However, because only 4 KB of RAM, the only language used for programming is the Assembly, this language is very difficult to understand because they approached the machine language instructions.
Surely this hinders the development of personal computers. Bill Gates and Paul Allen saw the tremendous potential of personal computers in the future. Both create a BASIC for the Altair. It turned out very good public reception and eventually they founded their own company which specialized in software called Microsoft.
In 1982 the IMB / PC was introduced to the community, Microsoft also made the operating system MS-DOS for this machine. Where included therein Basic also known as Quick Basic (QBasic). With each passing day, in the year 1990 passed the era of DOS and Windows were replaced era. These developments finally made the basic version of Microsoft windows, this basic programming language called Visual Basic 6.0 for Windows.
Visual Basic is one of the development tools for building applications in windows environment. In application development, Visual Basic using Visual approach to designing the user interface in form, while for kodingnya using Basic dialect that tend easy to learn. Visual Basic has become a popular tool for beginners as well as the developers.
In a windows environment is very user-interface plays an important role, because the use of applications that we make, the user always interacts with the user interface without realizing that behind running the program instructions that support the display and the process undertaken. In Visual programming, application development begins with the formation of the user interface, and then set the properties of the objects used in the user interface, and just do the writing program code to handle the events (event). Thus the application development stage known as application development with bottom-up approach.
The difference between the Visual Basic programming language BASIC BASIC is still oriented in the text and the program is executed sequentially. For the language called BASIC interpreter. Whereas in the Visual Basic graphics environment, object-oriented programming and has a compiler. Visual Basic is a programming control events (event driven programming) programming means waiting until a response from the user in the form of event / specific events. When the event is detected then the code associated with the event will be executed.

Microsoft made three editions of Visual Basic:

a. Standard Edition is a basic product

This is the standard version included some basic tools from Visual Basic 6.0.

b. Enterprise Edition

This version is dedicated to the programmers who want to develop a remote computing application or client-server. This version is usually used to create applications for the network

c. Professional Edition includes additional Microsoft

Versi ini memberikan berbagai sarana ekstra yang dibutuhkan oleh berbagai programmer professional. Controls Like Additionally, support for internet programming and database development tool better.

ABOUT BILLING

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Billing
Billing is an activity that has to do with the management of payment transactions respectively - joined (cicilam) are able to meet the various needs of goods or services.

Credit freezes

Credit is a payment system or promissory loan by paying any particular period according to the agreement agreed upon by the lender to the borrower (customer)
Bad credit is a loan payment by the due date of each period specified, or the loan is not paid in accordance with the rules agreed upon between the lender to the borrower (customer).

Consumers

Consumers are people who connect and interact directly to an object because consumers including a variety memamfaatkan of various products
But there are also those who carry out production activities in organizations providing services such as banking, insurance, transportation, hotels and restaurants to produce the service (service) is proportional to the manufacturing companies that produce cars, food cans and so forth.

INFORMATION SYSTEMS

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Information Systems

Definition of Information System
Information system is a set of organizational procedures when implemented will provide information for decision making or to control the organization.
According to the procedure Sutabri, 2004 that the system is a system of information within an organization that meets the needs of daily transaction processing to support operations functions are managerial organization with activities of an organization's strategy to provide certain to outside parties with the reports required.
According to Abdul kadir, 2003 that an information system framework that coordinate resources (human, computer) to change the input (input) into an output (output) of information, in order to achieve company goals.
So the information system can be defined as a system within an organization that is a combination of people, facilities, technology, media, procedures and controls intended to get important communication channels. So the accuracy of an information system lies in the relationship existing between the components, can be produced and streamed some useful information for the use.

Types of Information Systems

The types of information systems there are five parts based on the organizational level, functional area, the support provided, management activities, arstektur information systems.
a system-level information based on the organization
1. Inter-departmental information system
2. Inter-organizational information systems
3. Inter-enterprise information systems
is a computer-based system that can perform all the duties of accounting standards for all organizational units in an integrated and coordinated.

b. Information systems based on functional area

1. Accounting information system
is a collection of resources designed to transform financial data into information.

2. Financial information system

Is a system to support financial managers in making decisions concerning the company's financial problems and the allocation and control of financial resources within the company.

3. Manufacturing information system
Is the system used to support the production function that includes all activities associated with the design and control processes to produce goods or services.

4. Information Systems Human Resources (HR)
Is an information system that provides information used by the personnel function.

5. Marketing information system
Is an information system that provides information used by the marketing function to support decisions related to marketing.

c. Based information systems support provided

1. Transaction processing system
2. Management information system
Is an information system that aims to meet the needs of the general information of all managers in the company or the company's organizational sub-units.
3. Office information systems
4. Decision support system
5. Executive information system
6. Artificial intelligence system

d. Activity-based information systems management

1. Knowledge of information systems
2. Managerial information systems
3. Operational information systems
4. Strategic information systems

e. Based information system architecture of information systems

1. Mainframe-based systems
Is a data center that aims to serve the demand data provided by users.
2. Personal computer system
3. Spread system or network computing
Is a distributed system.

INFORMATION

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Information
Information is something that is needed in every company, organization and even every human being. Information in relation to computers is something familiar, because almost all the work done by the computer, the output is information for the user or users.

Good information requirements are:

a. Understandable and accountable.

b. Complete, concise, accurate and true.

Definition of Information

In general, information can be interpreted as the result of the data has been processed or processed into a form that is useful to the receiver and has real value in making decisions in the present atu future. The information presented in the form of easily understandable, understandable and relevant is the knowledge needed to broaden the user to achieve a goal.
According to Raymond McLeod (2001), information is data that has been processed into a form that has meaning for the recipient and useful for decision making today and the future.
According to Evi Indrayani and Humdiana "Management Information System", Discourse Media Partners Jakarta, 2008; pp. 18: that the information is data that has been processed in such a way or delivered in the model that has more meaning.

According to jogianto H.M. "Analysis and Design of Information Systems", Andi Yogyakarta, 2001; pp. 8: That information is the result of processing data in a form that is more meaningful and more useful to the recipients who need it or describe an event-event (event) concrete used to make decisions.
Based on the above understanding we may conclude that the information is data that has been processed so it can be more useful and beneficial to the interests of users in the present and the future.

System Development Life Cycle

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System Development Life Cycle
System development life cycle (System Development Life Cycle) is a systems approach to the implementation of the task of developing and using computer-based system and consists of a series of tasks that follow a regular pattern and is done in stages.
Stages of system development life cycle including:
a. Planning Phase
Development of computer-based information systems should receive equal attention in the planning of such major projects other.
The steps in the planning stages:
1. Recognizing the problem
2. Defines problem
3. Determining the system goals
4. Constraints define a system
5. A feasibility study
6. Preparing business declined systems research
7. Approve or reject the research system
b. Phase Analysis
After planning is complete and control mechanisms have been run, the project team will move to the analysis of existing systems. According to Zbigniew Mensah and systems analysis is a study of existing systems with the aim of designing a new system or update
The steps in the analysis stage:
1. Announcing the research system
2. Organize the project team
3. Defines the information needs
4. Defines the system performance criteria
5. Preparing the draft proposal
6. Approve or reject the project design
c. Stage design
By understanding the existing systems and requirements of the new system, so the project team to discuss the design of new systems. According to Zbigniew Mensah and system design is the determination process and data required by the new system.

The steps in the design stage:
1. Prepare a detailed system design
2. Defines a variety of alternative system configurations
3. Evaluating various alternative system configuration
4. Having the best configuration
5. Preparing the proposed implementation
6. Approve or reject the proposed implementation of the system
d. Implementation phase
Is an activity to obtain and integrate the physical resources and produce a conceptual system that works.
The steps in the implementation phase:
1. Planning application
2. Getting the hardware resources
3. Getting the software resources
4. Preparing the database
e. Stage usage
At this stage the user uses the system to achieve the goals identified at the planning stage, and the need to maintain the existing system.
The reason for the maintenance of the system:
1. Correcting mistakes
2. Keeping the system sophistication
3. Improving the quality of the system

System Characteristics

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System Characteristics
Based on the above understanding, a system can work well and in accordance with the desires of the user, the system must have the following characteristics:
a. Components have
How small a permanent system is a collection of components that are interconnected and work together to form a union to achieve the same goal.
The components in question are as follows:
1. Hardware or hardware, which includes the physical components such as computers and printers.
2. Software or software, including instructions for processing the data.
3. Brainware or users, including all related parties pemgembangan system, user management and output.
4. Database or databases, is a collection of tables, links and other related data storage.
b. Having a relationship with other systems
A system has a relationship with other systems, allowing data to flow properly. Thus be able to generate useful information for its users.
c. Have input
The system must have real data to input data in the system. The data will be stored, processed automatically to produce more useful data.
d. Has output
Results of the data management system is also often referred to as information.
e. System Management
A system can have a process to change the input into output.
f. the Having goals and objectives will be achieved
From the above understanding, it can be concluded that the system is a collection of elements such as humans, means, methods and processes that affect each other and relate to each other which is a unified whole to achieve its intended purpose.

System Definition

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The word system comes from the Greek of "Sistema" who has the sense of a unity consisting of two or more components or sub-systems that interact to achieve a goal.

System Definition
According to Jeffery Fitzgerald HM Jogiyanto book, that the system is "a network of procedures other than related, came together to make a kegitan or to complete an activity or to accomplish a particular goal". According to Jogianto H.M. "Analysis and Design of Information Systems", Andi Yogyakarta, 2001; Hal. 1: that the system is a network of procedures related to each other, gather together to perform an activity or to accomplish a certain goal.
In general, the system is a network which has a mutual relationship between the parts and procedures, which accumulated in an organization to conduct a kagiatan to achieve common goals. While specifically, the system is a group of elements that interact or are related thus affecting the conduct of activities with a view to achieving certain goals.